Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

«Understanding the condition (definition, symptoms, epidemiology, stages, absolute surgical indications)» slot — content in preparation.

«How surgery and SART complement each other» slot — content in preparation.

These are the evidence candidates assigned to this topic. The citations to be used are finalised by the author when the page is published.

• EV-024★★L4 · Cadaveric / biomechanical model / basic experimentfoundational

  The spinal cord and nerves are placed under physical tension as the body flexes and extends

  The spinal cord and nerve roots are physical tissues that lengthen and tension with spinal posture (adverse mechanical tension). Malalignment therefore imposes mechanical tension on neural tissue.

  Breig A · Adverse Mechanical Tension in the Central Nervous System

• EV-017★L5 · Expert opinion / classical theory / mechanistic hypothesisfoundational

  The thorax is not a rigid cage but a stack of mobile rings, and when one ring twists the structures above and below are affected

  The thorax is modelled as a stack of individual rings (rib segments); when a particular ring rotates or translates, the structures above it — shoulder and cervical spine — compensate.

  Lee D (2015) · The Thoracic Ring Approach

• EV-025★L5 · Expert opinion / classical theory / mechanistic hypothesisfoundational

  Nerves, like joints, must glide and tension in order to function normally

  Nerve sliding and tensioning were systematised for clinical use. Where neural mobility is reduced, entrapment and symptoms follow.

  Shacklock M (2005) · Clinical Neurodynamics

• EV-043★L5 · Expert opinion / classical theory / mechanistic hypothesisfoundational

  Human musculature is wound in spirals and maintains upright posture through rotational force

  The trunk musculature is arranged not in straight lines but in diagonal double spirals, generating upright posture and gait through rotational force.

  Dart RA · The Double Spiral Arrangement of the Voluntary Musculature